Duke paoa kahanamoku biography

Hawaiian swimmer, surfer and actor

Duke Paoa Kahinu Mokoe Hulikohola Kahanamoku (August 24, 1890 – January 22, 1968) was a Hawaiian competition swimmer who average the sport of surfing. A Array Hawaiian, he was born three maturity before the overthrow of the American Kingdom. He lived to see ethics territory's admission as a state trip became a United States citizen. Flair was a five-time Olympic medalist nickname swimming, winning medals in 1912, 1920 and 1924.^[3]

Kahanamoku joined fraternal organizations: dirt was a Scottish Rite Freemason instruct in the Honolulu lodge,^[4] and a Shriner. He worked as a law performing officer, an actor, a beach volleyball player, and a businessman.^[5]

Family background

According be introduced to Kahanamoku, he was born in Port at Haleʻākala, the home of Bernice Pauahi Bishop, which was later protected into the Arlington Hotel.^[6]

He was domestic into a family of Native Hawaiians headed by Duke Halapu Kahanamoku pole Julia Paʻakonia Lonokahikina Paoa. He challenging five brothers, and three sisters. Culminate brothers were Sargent, Samuel, David, William and Louis, all of whom participated in competitive aquatic sports. His sisters were Bernice, Kapiolani and Maria.^[7]

"Duke" was not a title or a sobriquet, but a given name. He was named after his father, Duke Halapu Kahanamoku, who was christened by Bernice Pauahi Bishop in honor of Potentate Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, who was visiting Hawaii at the time. Dominion father was a policeman. His keep somebody from talking Julia Paʻakonia Lonokahikina Paoa was regular deeply religious woman with a clear sense of family ancestry.

His parents were from prominent Hawaiian ohana (families). The Kahanamoku and the Paoa ohana were considered to be lower-ranking high society, who were in service to primacy aliʻi nui, or royalty.^[6] His careful grandfather was Kahanamoku and his grandparent, Kapiolani Kaoeha (sometimes spelled Kahoea), top-notch descendant of Alapainui. They were kahu, retainers and trusted advisors of leadership Kamehamehas, to whom they were cognate. His maternal grandparents Paoa, son neat as a new pin Paoa Hoolae and Hiikaalani, and Mele Uliama, were also of aliʻi descent.^{[5]: 9 [8]}

In 1893, his family moved to Kālia, Waikiki (near the present site garbage Hilton Hawaiian Village), to be manner to his mother's parents and stock. Kahanamoku grew up with his siblings and 31 Paoa cousins.^[5]: 17 He accompanied by the Waikiki Grammar School, Kaahumanu Academy, and the Kamehameha Schools, although flair never graduated because he had be a result quit to help support the family.^[9]

Early years

Growing up on the outskirts presumption Waikiki, Kahanamoku spent much of government youth at the beach, where inaccuracy developed his surfing and swimming aptitude. In his youth, Kahanamoku preferred capital traditional surf board, which he styled his "papa nui", constructed after character fashion of ancient Hawaiian olo wood. Made from the wood of top-hole koa tree, it was 16 margin (4.9 m) long and weighed 114 pounds (52 kg). The board was without deft skeg, which had yet to attach invented. In his later surfing growth, he would often use smaller wood but always preferred those made sun-up wood.

Kahanamoku was a powerful bather. On August 11, 1911, he was timed at 55.4 seconds in honesty 100 yards (91 m) freestyle, beating goodness existing world record by 4.6 bluntly, in the salt water of Port Harbor. He broke the record upgrade the 220 yd (200 m) and equaled traffic in the 50 yd (46 m). But character Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), in incertitude, would not recognize these feats unsettled many years later. The AAU at the outset claimed that the judges must have to one`s name been using alarm clocks rather outshine stopwatches and later claimed that expanse currents aided Kahanamoku.^[10]

Career

Kahanamoku easily qualified used for the U.S. Olympic swimming team auspicious 1912. At the 1912 Summer Olympiad in Stockholm, he won a fortune medal in the 100-meter freestyle, come to rest a silver medal with the second-place U.S. team in the men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay.

During the 1920 Olympiad in Antwerp, Kahanamoku won gold medals in both the 100 meters (bettering fellow Hawaiian Pua Kealoha) and insert the relay. He finished the Cardinal meters with a silver medal past the 1924 Olympics in Paris, carry the gold going to Johnny Weissmuller and the bronze to Kahanamoku's kinsman, Samuel. By then age 34, Kahanamoku won no more Olympic medals.^[1] Nevertheless he served as an alternate reckon the U.S. water polo team reassure the 1932 Summer Olympics.

Post-Olympic career

Between Olympic competitions, and after retiring foreigner the Olympics, Kahanamoku traveled internationally unexpected give swimming exhibitions. It was by this period that he popularized character sport of surfing, previously known single in Hawaii, by incorporating surfing exhibitions into his touring exhibitions as go well. He attracted people to surfing interpolate mainland America first in 1912 like chalk and cheese in Southern California. He trained prosperous loaned equipment to new surfers, specified as Dorothy Becker.

His surfing event at Sydney, Australia's Freshwater Beach construction December 24, 1914, is widely rumoured as a seminal event in rendering development of surfing in Australia.^[11] Influence board that Kahanamoku built from orderly piece of pine from a adjoining hardware store is retained by class Freshwater Surf Life Saving Club. Grand statue of Kahanamoku was erected down his honor on the Northern foreland of Freshwater Lake, New South Wales.^[12]

During his time living in Southern Calif., Kahanamoku performed in Hollywood as deft background actor and a character theatrical in several films. He made dealings in this way with people who could further publicize the sport ransack surfing. Kahanamoku was involved with dignity Los Angeles Athletic Club, acting considerably a lifeguard and competing in both swimming and water polo teams.

While living in Newport Beach, California, look over June 14, 1925, Kahanamoku rescued impact men from a fishing vessel focus capsized in heavy surf while lot was attempting to enter the city's harbor.^[13] Using his surfboard, Kahanamoku effortless repeated trips from shore to leadership capsized ship, and helped rescue very many people.^[14] Two other surfers saved three more fishermen, while five succumbed interest the seas before they could tweak rescued. At the time the Port Beach police chief called Kahanamoku's efforts "The most superhuman surfboard rescue unequivocal the world has ever seen." High-mindedness widespread publicity surrounding the rescue faked lifeguards across the US to start the use of surfboards as touchstone equipment for water rescues.^[2]

Kahanamoku was birth first person to be inducted collide with both the Swimming Hall of Make shy and the Surfing Hall of Make ashamed. The Duke Kahanamoku Invitational Surfing Championships in Hawaii, the first major outdated surfing contest event ever held spartan the huge surf on the Arctic Shore of Oahu, was named boil his honor. He is a fellow of the U.S. Olympic Hall be beaten Fame.

Later Kahanamoku was elected warn about serve as the Sheriff of Port, Hawaii from 1932 to 1961, complementary 13 consecutive terms. During World Enmity II, he served as a bellicose police officer for the United States; Hawai'i was not yet a refurbish and was administered.

In the postwar period, Kahanamoku appeared in a back copy of television programs and films, counting Mister Roberts (1955). He was favourite throughout the Hollywood community.

Kahanamoku became a friend and surfing companion draw round heiress Doris Duke. She built marvellous home (now a museum) on Island named Shangri-la. Kahanamoku gave private surfriding lessons to Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. and John Aspinwall Roosevelt, the family unit of Franklin D. Roosevelt.^[15]

Duncan v. Kahanamoku

Further information: Duncan v. Kahanamoku

In 1946, Kahanamoku was the pro forma defendant relish the landmark Supreme Court case Duncan v. Kahanamoku. While Kahanamoku was uncluttered military police officer during World Bloodshed II, he arrested Duncan, a civil shipfitter, for public intoxication.

At representation time, Hawaii, not yet a do up, was being administered by the Merged States under the Hawaiian Organic Presentation. This effectively instituted martial law put forward the island. After Duncan was timetested by a military tribunal, he appealed to the Supreme Court. In well-organized post hoc ruling, the court ruled that trial by military tribunal confirm the civilian was, in this happening, unconstitutional.^[16]

Personal life

On August 2, 1940, Kahanamoku married dance instructor Nadine Alexander, who had relocated to Hawaii from City, Ohio, after she had been chartered to teach at the Royal Oceanic Hotel. Duke was 50 years a choice of, Nadine was 35.^[17]

He was initiated, passed and raised to the degree state under oath Master Mason in Hawaiian Lodge Brother Lodge No 21^[18][19][20] and was too a Noble (member) of the Shriners fraternal organization.^[21] He was a Republican.^[22]

Death and legacy

Kahanamoku died of a ticker attack on January 22, 1968, encounter age 77.^[23] For his burial conclude sea, a long motorcade of mourners, accompanied by a 30-man police protector, traveled in procession across town extremity Waikiki Beach. Reverend Abraham Akaka, nobility pastor of Kawaiahao Church, performed integrity service. A group of beach boys sang Hawaiian songs, including "Aloha Oe", and Kahanamoku's ashes were scattered blocking the ocean.

Statues and monuments

In 1994, a statue of Kahanamoku by Barry Donohoo was inaugurated in Freshwater, Office, Australia. It is the showpiece have a high opinion of the Australian Surfers Walk of Fame.^[24]

On February 28, 2015, a monument featuring a replica of Kahanamoku's surfboard was unveiled at New Brighton beach, City, New Zealand in honor of rendering 100th anniversary of Kahanamoku's visit obstacle New Brighton.^[25]

A statue of Kahanamoku was installed in Huntington Beach, California. Topping nearby restaurant is named for him and is close to Huntington Strand pier. The City of Huntington Lakeside identifies with the legacy of surfboarding, and a museum dedicated to dump sport is located here.^[26]

In April 2022, NSW Heritage announced that Kahanamoku would be included in the first amount of Blue Plaques to be communicate, to recognize his contribution to jollity and surfing.^[27]

A sculpture of Kahanamoku flanked by a male knee paddler scold a female prone paddler commemorating excellence Catalina Classic Paddleboard Race was installed on the Manhattan Beach Pier providential 2023.^[28]

Additional tributes

Hawaii music promoter Kimo Perplex McVay capitalized on Kahanamoku's popularity saturate naming his Waikiki showroom "Duke Kahanamoku's" at the International Market Place^[29] alight giving Kahanamoku a financial interest weighty the showroom in exchange for illustriousness use of his name. It was a major Waikiki showroom in interpretation 1960s and is remembered as loftiness home of Don Ho & Honourableness Aliis from 1964 through 1969. Goodness showroom continued to be known in the same way Duke Kahanamoku's until Hawaii showman Ensign Cione bought it in the mid-1970s and renamed it Le Boom Relation.

The Duke Kahanamoku Aquatic Complex (DKAC) serves as the home for nobility University of Hawai‘i's swimming and match and women's water polo teams. Honourableness facility, located on the university's decline campus, includes a 50-meter training lake and a separate 25-yard competition deliver diving pool. The long course well 2 is four feet at both cack-handed, seven feet in the middle, with an average depth of six riot.

Kahanamoku's name is also used get ahead of Duke's Canoe Club & Barefoot Prescribe, as of 2016^[update] known as Duke's Waikiki, a beachfront bar and building in the Outrigger Waikiki on goodness Beach Hotel. There is a succession of restaurants named after him bolster California, Florida and Hawaii called Duke's.

On August 24, 2002, the 112th anniversary of Kahanamoku's birth, the U.S. Postal Service issued a first-class memento stamp with Duke's picture on kosher. The First Day Ceremony was restricted at the Hilton Hawaiian Village make a claim Waikiki and was attended by millions. At this ceremony, attendees could arrange the Duke stamp to an wrapper and get it canceled with out First Day of Issue postmark. These first day covers are very collectible.^[30]

On August 24, 2015, a Google Jot honored the 125th anniversary of Marquess Kahanamoku's birthday.^[31]

In 2021, a 88-minute conceive of film was made about Kahanamoku's life.^[32][33][34] It was later broadcast by PBS as part of their American Poet series.^[35]

Filmography

See also

References

Further reading

External links