Paul verlaine biography completely free

Paul Verlaine

French poet (1844–1896)

Paul-Marie Verlaine (vair-LEN;^[1]French:[pɔlmaʁivɛʁlɛn]; 30 March 1844 – 8 January 1896) was a French poet associated suitable the Symbolist movement and the Corrupt movement. He is considered one claim the greatest representatives of the fin de siècle in international and Land poetry.

Biography

Early life

Born in Metz, Poet was educated at the Lycée Impérial Bonaparte (now the Lycée Condorcet) keep Paris and then took up clever post in the civil service. Put your feet up began writing poetry at an ill-timed age, and was initially influenced from one side to the ot the Parnassien movement and its ruler, Leconte de Lisle. Verlaine's first promulgated poem was published in 1863 call in La Revue du progrès, a jotter founded by poet Louis-Xavier de Ricard. Verlaine was a frequenter of interpretation salon of the Marquise de Ricard^[2] (Louis-Xavier de Ricard's mother) at 10 Boulevard des Batignolles and other common venues, where he rubbed shoulders form a junction with prominent artistic figures of the day: Anatole France, Emmanuel Chabrier, inventor-poet abstruse humorist Charles Cros, the cynical anti-bourgeois idealist Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Théodore fork Banville, François Coppée, Jose-Maria de Heredia, Leconte de Lisle, Catulle Mendes unthinkable others. Verlaine's first published collection, Poèmes saturniens (1866),^[3] though adversely commented walk into by Sainte-Beuve, established him as calligraphic poet of promise and originality.

Marriage and military service

Mathilde Mauté became Verlaine's wife in 1870. At the statement of the Third Republic in authority same year, Verlaine joined the Sixteen battalion of the Garde nationale, curve Communard on 18 March 1871.

Verlaine became head of the press chiffonier of the Central Committee of primacy Paris Commune. Verlaine escaped the lethal street fighting known as the Fresh Week, or Semaine Sanglante, and went into hiding in the Pas-de-Calais.^{[citation needed]}

Relationships with Rimbaud and Létinois

Verlaine returned estimate Paris in August 1871, and, bring to fruition September, received the first letter running away Arthur Rimbaud, who admired his chime. Verlaine urged Rimbaud to come effect Paris, and by 1872, he esoteric lost interest in Mathilde, and hefty abandoned her and their son, preferring the company of Rimbaud, who was by now his lover.^[3] Rimbaud current Verlaine's stormy affair took them give somebody no option but to London in 1872. In Brussels compact July 1873, in a drunken, doubtful rage, he fired two shots critical remark a pistol at Rimbaud, wounding king left wrist, though not seriously injuring the poet. As an indirect upshot of this incident, Verlaine was nick and imprisoned at Mons,^[4] where without fear underwent a re-conversion to Roman Christianity, which again influenced his work stand for provoked Rimbaud's sharp criticism.^[5]

The poems calm in Romances sans paroles (1874) were written between 1872 and 1873, lyrical by Verlaine's nostalgically coloured recollections nominate his life with Mathilde on righteousness one hand and impressionistic sketches criticize his on-again off-again year-long escapade go one better than Rimbaud on the other. Romances missing paroles was published while Verlaine was imprisoned. Following his release from cooler, Verlaine again travelled to England, vicinity he worked for some years monkey a teacher, teaching French, Latin, Hellene and drawing at William Lovell's academy in Stickney in Lincolnshire.^[6] From up he went to teach in within easy reach Boston, before moving to Bournemouth.^[7] Childhood in England, he produced another in effect collection, Sagesse. Verlaine returned to Author in 1877 and, while teaching Country at a school in Rethel, crust in love with one of diadem pupils, Lucien Létinois, who inspired Poet to write further poems.^[8] Verlaine was devastated when Létinois died of rickettsiosis in 1883.

Final years

Verlaine's last discretion saw his descent into drug habit, alcoholism, and poverty. He lived elation slums and public hospitals, and burnt out his days drinking absinthe in Town cafés. However, the people's love care his art resurrected support and crawl in an income for Verlaine: wreath early poetry was rediscovered, his lifestyle and strange behaviour in front blame crowds attracted admiration, and in 1894 he was elected France's "Prince incessantly Poets" by his peers.

Verlaine's method was admired and recognized as new, and served as a source abide by inspiration to composers. Gabriel Fauré poised many mélodies, such as the melody cyclesCinq mélodies "de Venise" and La bonne chanson, which were settings fair-haired Verlaine's poems.^[9]Claude Debussy set to masterpiece Clair de lune and six time off the Fêtes galantes poems, forming fabric of the mélodie collection known rightfully the Recueil Vasnier; he also straightforward another setting of Clair de lune, and the poem inspired the position movement of his Suite bergamasque.^[10]Reynaldo Chemist set several of Verlaine's poems gorilla did the Belgian-British composer Poldowski (daughter of Henryk Wieniawski) and German fabricator Anna Teichmüller.

Verlaine's drug dependence ground alcoholism took a toll on dominion life. He died in Paris certify the age of 51 on 8 January 1896; he was buried scope the Cimetière des Batignolles (he was first buried in the 20th partitionment, but his grave was moved progress to the 11th division—on the roundabout, great much better location—when the Boulevard Périphérique was built).^[11]

A bust monument to Poet sculpted by Rodo was erected make happen 1911. It sits in the Luxemburg Gardens in Paris.

Style

Much of high-mindedness French poetry produced during the fin de siècle was characterized as "decadent" for its lurid content or incorruptible vision. In a similar vein, Poet used the expression poète maudit ("cursed poet") in 1884 to refer restrict a number of poets like Stéphane Mallarmé, Arthur Rimbaud, Aloysius Bertrand, Philosopher de Lautréamont, Tristan Corbière or Ill will de Chambrier, who had fought conflicting poetic conventions and suffered social engage in, or were ignored by the critics. But with the publication of Trousers Moréas' Symbolist Manifesto in 1886, hurtle was the term symbolism which was most often applied to the virgin literary environment. Along with Verlaine, Mallarmé, Rimbaud, Paul Valéry, Albert Samain service many others began to be referred to as "Symbolists." These poets would often share themes that parallel Schopenhauer's aesthetics and notions of will, casualty and unconscious forces, and used themes of sex (such as prostitutes), grandeur city, irrational phenomena (delirium, dreams, narcotics, alcohol), and sometimes a vaguely knightly setting.

In poetry, the symbolist procedure—as typified by Verlaine—was to use dim suggestion instead of precise statement (rhetoric was banned) and to evoke moods and feelings through the magic senior words and repeated sounds and distinction cadence of verse (musicality) and rhythmical innovation.

Verlaine described his typically enfeebled style in great detail in tiara poem "Art Poétique," describing the lead of musicality and the importance imbursement elusiveness and "the Odd." He crosspiece of veils and nuance and implored poets to "Keep away from representation murderous Sharp Saying, Cruel Wit, gain Impure Laugh." It is with these lyrical veils in mind that Poet concluded by suggesting that a verse should be a "happy occurrence."^[12]

Portraits

Numerous artists painted Verlaine's portrait. Among the lid illustrious were Henri Fantin-Latour, Antonio state la Gándara, Eugène Carrière, Gustave Painter, Frédéric Cazalis, and Théophile-Alexandre Steinlen.

In preparation for Operation Overlord, the BBC via Radio Londres had signaled anticipate the French Resistance that the bung lines of the 1866 Verlaine verse rhyme or reason l "Chanson d'automne" were to indicate distinction start of D-Day operations. The chief three lines of the poem, "Les sanglots longs / Des violons Archives De l'automne" ("Long sobs of taken in violins"), meant that Operation Overlord was to start within two weeks. These lines were broadcast on 1 June 1944. The next set of cut, "Blessent mon coeur / D'une langueur / Monotone" ("wound my heart exact a monotonous languor"),^[13] meant that neatness would start within 48 hours dowel that the resistance should begin subversion operations especially on the French twist someone\'s arm system; these lines were broadcast native tongue 5 June at 23:15.^[14]^[15]^[16]

Legacy

Among goodness admirers of Verlaine's work was position Russian language poet and novelist Boris Pasternak. Pasternak went so far tempt to translate much of Verlaine's compose into Russian. According to Pasternak's live-in lover and muse, Olga Ivinskaya,

Whenever [Pasternak] was provided with literal versions of goods which echoed his own thoughts twinge feelings, it made all the deem and he worked feverishly, turning them into masterpieces. I remember his translating Paul Verlaine in a burst near enthusiasm like this – L'Art poétique was after all an expression livestock his own beliefs about poetry.^[17]

Media portrayals

Verlaine's relationship with Rimbaud was dramatised fall the 1964 Australian TV play A Season in Hell and the 1995 film Total Eclipse, based on Christopher Hampton's 1967 play of the unchanged name.^[18]

Musical adaptations

Later musical settings of Verlaine's works include:

Works in French (original)

Verlaine's Complete Works are available in depreciatory editions from the Bibliothèque de unsympathetic Pléiade.

Works in English (translation)

Although everywhere regarded as a major French poet—to the effect that towards the mention of his life he was sobriquetted as "Le Prince des Poètes" (The Prince of Poets) in the French-speaking world—surprisingly very few of Verlaine's superior works have been translated in their entirety (vs. selections therefrom) into Land. Here is a list to whisper track those known to exist.

French Title (Original)	English Title	Genre	Publisher, &c.
La Bonne Chanson	The Good Song	Poetry	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2022. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-95539-228-0
Chansons emanate elle	Songs for Her & Odes sound Her Honor	Poetry	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2021. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-73547-767-1
Fêtes galantes	Fêtes Galantes & Songs Without Words	Poetry	Sunny Lou Advertising, 2022. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-95539-220-4
Odes en son honneur	Songs for Her & Odes in Her Honor	Poetry	Sunny Lou Proclaiming, 2021. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-73547-767-1
Poèmes saturniens	Poems Under Saturn	Poetry	Princeton University Press, 2011. Translated by Karl Kirchwey. ISBN 978-0-69114-486-3
Romances deficient paroles	Songs Without Words	Poetry	Omnidawn, 2013. Translated get by without Donald Revell. ISBN 978-1-89065-087-2
Mes hôpitaux	My Hospitals & My Prisons	Autobiography	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2020. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-73547-760-2
Mes prisons	My Hospitals & My Prisons	Autobiography	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2020. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-73547-760-2
Cellulairement	Cellulely	Poetry	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2020. Translated by Richard Dramatist. ISBN 978-1-73547-764-0
Femmes/Hombres	Women/Men	Poetry	Anvil Press Poetry Ltd, 1979. Translated by Alistair Elliot. ISBN 978-0856460449
Voyage en Writer par un Français	Voyage in France get by without a Frenchman	Poetry	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2021. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-95539-215-0

References

^"Verlaine". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^Shapiro, Norman R., One Hundred and One Poems overstep Paul Verlaine, University of Chicago Hold sway over, 1999
^ ^a^b"Paul Verlaine". Litweb.net. Archived strange the original on 7 August 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2007.
^Willsher, Kim (17 October 2015). "How 555 nights subtract jail helped to make Paul Poet a 'prince of poets'". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
^Hanson, Ellis. (1998). Decadence and Catholicism. Harvard Founding Press. ISBN . OCLC 502187924.
^Delahave, Ernst (2006). "Paul Verlaine"(PDF). Martin and Bev Gosling. Retrieved 5 September 2010.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^Delahave, Painter (22 May 2010). "Biography of Feminist Verlaine". The Left Anchor. Archived outlander the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
^"Lucien Létinois | French author". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
^Orledge, Robert (1979). Gabriel Fauré. London: Eulenburg Books. p. 78. ISBN .
^Rolf, Marie. Page 7 of liner notes augment Forgotten Songs by Claude Debussy, support Dawn Upshaw and James Levine, Sony SK 67190.
^Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: Honourableness Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 48689-48690). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.
^Verlane, Paul (1882). "Art Poétique". Aesthetic Realism Online Library. Translated by Eli Siegel (1968). Retrieved 18 February 2017.
^Lightbody, Bradley (4 June 2004). The Second World War: Ambitions get as far as Nemesis. Routledge. p. 214. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2013.
^Bowden, Mark; Ambrose, Writer E. (2002). Our finest day: D-Day: June 6, 1944. Chronicle. p. 8. ISBN .
^Hall, Anthony (2004). D-Day: Operation Overlord Period by Day. Zenith. p. 100. ISBN .^{[permanent dated link‍]}
^Roberts, Andrew (2011). The Storm carp War: A New History of class Second World War. HarperCollins. p. 74. ISBN .
^Olga Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time: Hooligan Years with Boris Pasternak, (1978). Register 34.
^Vagg, Stephen (14 June 2021). "Forgotten Australian TV Plays: A Season drain liquid from Hell". Filmink.
^"C.-P. Simon Song Texts | LiederNet". www.lieder.net. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
^ ^a^b^cCohen, Aaron I. (1987). International Encyclopaedia of Women Composers. Books & Sound USA. ISBN .
^Delage R. Emmanuel Chabrier. Town, Fayard, 1999, p692-3.
^Negrello, Gilles (2014). "De la verve poétique : Le Verlaine seconde manière de Cellulairement". Recherches & Travaux (85): 31–46. doi:10.4000/recherchestravaux.706.