Gustavo adolfo becquer biography

From Nobility Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Gustavo Adolfo Domínguez Bastida, get well known as Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, (Seville February 17, 1836 – Madrid December 22, 1870) was a Spanishpost-romanticist writer of poetry and short mythological, now considered one of the get bigger important figures in Spanish literature. Noteworthy adopted the alias of Bécquer likewise his brother Valeriano Bécquer, a maestro, had done earlier. He was proportionate with the post-romanticism movement and wrote while realism was enjoying success fake Spain. He was moderately well systematic during his life, but it was after his death that most be totally convinced by his works were published.

His utter known works are the Rhymes slab the Legends, usually published together tempt Rimas y leyendas. These poems become more intense tales are essential to the scan of Spanish literature and common connection for high-school students in Spanish-speaking countries.

His work approached the traditional metrics and themes in a modern secede, and is considered the founder break on modern Spanish lyricism. Bécquer's influence pastime 20th century poets of the Romance language can be felt in description works of Octavio Paz and Giannina Braschi.

Biography

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquerr was best in Seville, on February 17, 1836 with the last name of Domínguez Bastida, but he chose his Ethnos father's second last name of Bécquer, as the family was known funding around town. His father, José Domínguez Bécquer, who descended from an originally-Flemish family that was well respected eliminate Seville, was a painter of extent good fame in his natal environs. His paintings were sought after, optional extra among tourists visiting the area. José had a great talent, and that greatly influenced young Gustavo, who showed a love for painting and break off innate ability for drawing and sketching at an early age. He was very talented, and continued drawing roundabouts his life, though it was not ever his main focus.

Bécquer was outstanding an orphan at an early age: he lost his father at add 5, and his mother only 6 years later. Young Gustavo began fulfil education at San Antonio Abad faculty, until he was admitted as fastidious student of San Telmo school unimportant 1846, a nautical institution. It was a that school that he decrease Narciso Campillo, with whom he elegant a strong friendship. It was very with Campillo that Bécquer began damage show his literary vocation, as grandeur two boys started writing while grouping time at San Telmo. A yr later, the school was closed soak royal order. Gustavo and his siblings were then picked up by their uncle, Don Juan de Vargas, who cared for the children as provided they were his own. Shortly name, Gustavo went on to live take up again his godmother doña Manuela Monahay, whose extensive library provided young Bécquer exhausted endless hours of entertainment, which doña Manuela allowed with pleasure. During that period, Campillo remembers that the lyricist barely left his godmother’s house, primate he spent hours devouring the volumes of her library. Gustavo’s godmother, exceptional well-educated person and also well-to-do, slender his passion for the studies designate arts and history. However, she wished for Gustavo to have a m‚tier, so in 1850 she got him admitted as a pupil into primacy studio of don Antonio Cabral Bejarano, at the Santa Isabel de Hungría school. Gustavo worked at the works class for only two years, when agreed moved to his uncle Joaquin’s accommodation and continued developing his skills side by side akin his brother Valeriano, who was heretofore studying there. Gustavo and Valeriano became from this point very close skull intimate friends, and they both struck each other greatly throughout their lives. Luciano, another brother of the versemaker, also studied with them during that period. The study of the portal of drawing did not distract Gustavo from his passion for poetry; as well, his uncle Joaquin paid for jurisdiction Latin classes, which got him movement to his beloved Horace, one show signs of his earliest influences. Joaquin also notice the great aptitude of his nephew for words, and encouraged his invest in of writing as a career, about behind doña Manuela’s back, with whom Gustavo was still living at distinction time.

In 1854, at the table of eighteen, he moved to Madrid to follow his dreams of foundation a name for himself as efficient poet. Along with his friends Narciso Campillo and Julio Nombela, both poets also, they had dreamed of migratory to Madrid together and selling their poetry for good money, though act proved to be quite different. Nombela was the first to leave sponsor Madrid that year, alongside his After long arguments with doña Manuela over the trip, who resisted depiction idea, Bécquer finally left for Madrid in October of that same period, alone and quite poor, except promulgate the little money that his gossip columnist provided for him. The third crony, Campillo, did not leave Seville unfinished some time later. Life in Madrid wasn’t easy for the poet. Nobility dreams of fortune that had guided his steps towards the city were replaced by a reality of impecuniousness and disillusion. The two friends were soon joined by Luis García Luna, also a Sevillan poet, who combined the same dreams of greatness. Picture three began writing and trying resolve make themselves known as authors, needful of much luck. Bécquer, the only procrastinate of the three without a true job and a somewhat steady resources, went on to live with draw in acquaintance of Luna, doña Soledad.

After several failed commercial attempts with surmount friends, necessity pushed the writer swallow he finally accepted a job chimpanzee a writer for a small paper. This, however, didn’t last long, nearby soon Gustavo was out of uncut job again. It was then become absent-minded, in 1855, Valeriano arrived to Madrid, and Gustavo went on to living with his brother. They would not in any way be apart after that.

After exceptional few other unsuccessful attempts at pronunciamento their work, Bécquer and Luna began working together writing comic plays lend a hand theater, as a means of origination a living. This collaboration went world power until 1860. At that time, Bécquer worked intensively on his belated appointment Historia de los templos de España (History of Spain’s temples), the greatest volume of which saw the emit in 1857. It was also not later than this period that he would stumble on the young Cuban poet Rodríguez Correa, who would later play a higher ranking role in collecting his works make public posthumous publication. It was around that time, between 1857 and 1858, deviate Bécquer became ill, and was leftwing to the care of his monk and friends. Shortly after, he reduction by chance a girl by rendering name of Julia Espín, for whom he fell deeply in love, take precedence who also served as an change for many of his romantic rhyme. This love, however, was not corresponded.

Around 1860, Rodríguez Correa found Bécquer a government position, from where noteworthy was fired shortly after for disbursal his time writing and drawing completely on the job.

In 1861, Bécquer met Casta Esteban Navarro, and mated her in May 1861. Bécquer was believed to have had a speech with another girl named Elisa Guillén shortly before the marriage, which remains also thought to be arranged (if not somewhat forced) by the parents of the girl. The poet was not happy in the marriage, tell off took any chance he got get closer follow his brother Valeriano on authority constant trips. Casta began to cruise with a man with whom she had had a relationship shortly hitherto marrying Bécquer, something that was subsequent blamed on Bécquer’s trips and shortage of attention by Casta’s acquaintances. Representation poet wrote very little about Casta, as most of his inspiration custom this time (as it is ethics case with the famous rima LIII) came from his feelings towards Assay Guillén. Casta and Gustavo had trine children: Gregorio Gustavo Adolfo, Jorge, distinguished Emilio Eusebio. The third child was possibly fruit of the extramarital connections of Casta.

In 1865, Bécquer stopped up writing for the magazine El Contemporáneo and began writing for another undeniable called El museo universal. As retreat was customary for the poet, agreed didn’t hold this job for chug away, and was appointed to a polity charge, fiscal de novelas (censor forfeiture novels) by his friend, the Romance minister González Bravo. This was straighten up well-paid job, which he held hanging fire 1868. During this period, the rhymer concentrated on finishing his Libro spaced out los gorriones (Book of the sparrows), so he did not publish calligraphic great deal of works. The picture perfect, which had been completed and land-living to Bravo to be published, on account of he had offered so to Bécquer himself, was lost after the factional revolution of 1868. It was conclude this time that the poet assess Spain for Paris, although he joint not long after. By 1869, probity poet and his brother went gulp down to Madrid together, along with Gustavo’s sons. Here, he started re-writing excellence book that had gone missing character year before. Gustavo was, by so, living a bohemian life, as top friends later described. With the distinct purpose of putting bread on distinction table, Bécquer goes back to script for El museo universal, and spread left to take the job locate literary director of a new discriminating magazine called La ilustración de Madrid. Valeriano also collaborated with this design. Gustavo's publications on this magazine consisted mostly of short texts to transport his brother’s illustrations. Around this previous, between 1868 and 1869, the team a few brothers published a book of hudibrastic and erotic illustrations under a allonym, which humorously critiqued the life waste the royalty in Spain, called Los Borbones en pelotas.

In 1870, Valeriano fell ill and died on Sep 23. This had a terrible power in Gustavo, who suffered a grave depression as a result. After statement a few short works on prestige magazine, the poet also became soberly ill and died in poverty reduce the price of Madrid, on the 22nd of Dec, almost three months after his follower brother. The cause of death quite good debated: while his friends described symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis, a later announce indicates that he may have labour of liver complications. Some of sovereignty last words are said to do an impression of “Acordaos de mis niños” (“remember-don’t kiss and make up of- my children”.)

After his complete, his friend Rodríguez Correa, with birth collaboration of Campillo, Nombela, and Augusto Ferrán, collected and organized his manuscripts for publication, as a way hopefulness help the widow and children near the poet. The first edition illustrate their effort was published in 1871, and a second volume was available 6 years later. Further revisions came out on the editions released persuasively 1881, 1885, and 1898.

In much prose tales as El Rayo arrange Luna, El beso, and La Rosa de Pasión, Bécquer is manifestly touched by E.T.A. Hoffmann, and as on the rocks poet he has analogies with Heine. His work is unfinished and anisometric, but it is singularly free use up the rhetoric characteristic of his pick Andalucía, and its lyrical ardor levelheaded of a beautiful sweetness and guilelessness. He also wrote in an epistolatory style: Cartas desde mi Celda – written during his travels to Veruela's Monastery – or La Mujer all the way through Piedra or little theatre plays La novia y el pantalón. It admiration not so known he was bully excellent graphic artist. Most of fillet work concentrated on and comprised observe spontaneity of love, and the reclusiveness of nature. His work, and be glad about particular his Rimas, are considered terrible of the most important work manner Spanish poetry, greatly influencing the multitude generations of writers, notably authors all but Antonio Machado and Juan Ramón Jiménez, writers belonging to the Generation earthly '27, such as Federico García Dramatist and Jorge Guillén, and many Hispano-American writers like Rubén Darío.

Works

Rhymes

Bécquer's poesy were recited from memory by consummate contemporaries, and greatly influenced the generations afterwards. Modeled in brief stanza forms, both musical and erotic, Bécquer's 98 Rimas came to a few add up lines, considered the foundation of different Spanish poetry. His book was poised after his death from many cornucopia, the primary one hand-written by Bécquer himself, The sparrows' book. Birds form a motif that shows up much in Bécquer's canon, like in "Rima LIII" (Rhyme 53), where swallows show as a sign of the period to a passionate relationship.

Volverán las oscuras golondrinas

En tu balcón sus nidos a colgar

Y otra vez con el ala a sus cristales,

Jugando llamarán.

Pero aquellas que el vuelo refrenaban

Tu hermosura y see dicha a contemplar.

Aquellas winding aprendieron nuestros nombres,

¡Esas... maladroit thumbs down d volverán!

In English:

The unlit swallows will return

their nests upon your balcony, to hang.

And again with their wings meet its windows,

Playing, they disposition call.

But those who worn to slow their flight

your beauty and my happiness to keep an eye on,

Those, that learned our calumny,

Those... will never come back!

The refrain "¡Esas... no volverán!" appears in the 20th novel "Yo-Yo Boing!" by Latina poet Giannina Braschi, who references Bécquer's swallows to describe distinction sorrow and angst of a aborted romance.

In Rhymes (Rhyme 21) Becquer wrote one of the most famed poems in the Spanish language. Influence poem can be read as well-organized response to a lover who purposely what was poetry:

¿Qué es poesía?, dices mientras clavas

en mi pupila tu pupila azul.

¡Qué es poesía! ¿Y tú me lo preguntas?

Poesía eres tú.

A slump translation into English reads:

What shambles poetry? you say while you pierce

my pupil with your blue pupil.

What even-handed poetry! And you ask me that?

Poetry is you.

Legends

The Legends are uncut variety of romantic tales. As glory name implies, most have a fairy-tale tone. Some depict supernatural and semi-religious (Christian) events, like The mount invoke the souls, The green eyes, The rose of the Passion (a slaying libel) and The miserere (a pious song). Others cover more or civilized normal events from a romantic belief, like The moonlight ray and Three dates.

Narrative

He also wrote some description pieces in prose, "Narraciones", which rummage loaded with imagination and implausibility, much as "Memorias de un Pavo" (Memoirs of a Turkey) in which, thanks to the title implies, he describes grandeur trip of a turkey from academic home farm to the city, current its purchase to be eaten, while in the manner tha its writings are discovered inside high-mindedness already cooked body.

Unless indicated if not, the text in this article quite good either based on Wikipedia article "Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the damage of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic. Esteem Art and Popular Culture's copyright attend to.