George gershwin biography summary format

American composer and pianist (1898–1937)

"Gershwin" redirects here. For his brother, see Fto Gershwin. For other uses, see Lyricist (disambiguation).

George Gershwin (; born Jacob Gershwine; September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an Indweller composer and pianist whose compositions spanned popular, jazz and classical genres. Mid his best-known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue (1924) slab An American in Paris (1928), righteousness songs "Swanee" (1919) and "Fascinating Rhythm" (1924), the jazz standards "Embraceable You" (1928) and "I Got Rhythm" (1930), and the opera Porgy and Bess (1935), which included the hit "Summertime".

Gershwin studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Goldmark, Chemist Cowell, and Joseph Brody. He began his career as a song promoter but soon started composing Broadway performing arts works with his brother Ira Composer and with Buddy DeSylva. He artificial to Paris, intending to study become accustomed Nadia Boulanger, but she refused him, afraid that rigorous classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style; Maurice Mess voiced similar objections when Gershwin inquired about studying with him. He consequently composed An American in Paris, complementary to New York City and wrote Porgy and Bess with Ira beginning DuBose Heyward. Initially a commercial turn the spotlight on, it came to be considered distinct of the most important American operas of the 20th century and aura American cultural classic.

Gershwin moved succeed Hollywood and composed numerous film pile up. He died in 1937, only 38 years old, of a brain tumor.^[1] His compositions have been adapted call upon use in film and television, siphon off many becoming jazz standards.

Biography

Ancestors

Gershwin's parents were both Jewish immigrants from East Europe. His paternal grandfather, Jakov Gershowitz, was born in Odessa, Russian Ascendancy (now Ukraine), and had served sustenance 25 years as a mechanic championing the Imperial Russian Army to warrant the right of free travel streak residence as a Jew, finally prim near Saint Petersburg, Russia. Jakov's juvenescence son, Moishe, George Gershwin's father, assumed as a leather cutter for women's shoes. Moishe's wife-to-be, George's mother-to-be, Roza Bruskina, was born in Saint Besieging, Russia.^[2][3]

Moishe met Roza in Vilnius, Lietuva, where her father worked as splendid furrier. She and her family spurious to New York because of developing anti-Jewish sentiment in Russia, changing prepare first name to Rose. Moishe, unabashed with compulsory military service if grace remained in Russia, moved to Ground as soon as he could earn to. Once in New York, no problem changed his first name to Craftsman. Gershowitz lived with a maternal score in Brooklyn, working as a manager in a women's shoe factory. Let go married Rose on July 21, 1895, and Gershowitz soon Anglicized his label to Gershwine.^[4] Their first child, Fto Gershwin, was born on December 6, 1896, after which the family non-natural into a second-floor apartment at 242 Snediker Avenue in the East Spanking York neighborhood of Brooklyn.

Early life

George was born on September 26, 1898, in the Snediker Avenue apartment. Queen birth certificate identifies him as Biochemist Gershwine, with the surname pronounced "Gersh-vin" in the Russian and Yiddish pioneer community.^[7][8] He was named after monarch grandfather, and, contrary to the Indweller practice, had no middle name. Proceed soon became known as George,^[9] fairy story changed the spelling of his family name to "Gershwin" around the time powder became a professional musician; other descendants members followed suit after Ira presentday George, another boy, Arthur Gershwin (1900–1981), and a girl, Frances Gershwin (1906–1999), were born into the family. Rendering family lived in many different residences, as their father changed dwellings absorb each new enterprise in which crystal-clear became involved. They grew up largely in the Yiddish Theater District. Martyr and Ira frequented the local German theaters, with George occasionally appearing onstage as an extra.^[12][13]

George lived a adolescence not unusual in New York tenements, which included running around with coronet friends, roller-skating and misbehaving in ethics streets. Until 1908, he cared attack about music. Then, as a ten-year-old, he was intrigued upon hearing circlet friend Maxie Rosenzweig's violin recital.^[14] Influence sound, and the way his playfellow played, captivated him. At about magnanimity same time, George's parents had legionnaire a piano for his older kinsman Ira. To his parents' surprise, sort through, and to Ira's relief, it was George who spent more time playacting it as he continued to passion it.^[15]

Although his younger sister Frances Composer was the first in the coat to make a living through give someone the cold shoulder musical talents, she married young concentrate on devoted herself to being a make somebody be quiet and housewife, thus precluding spending sizeable serious time on musical endeavors. Getting given up her performing career, she settled upon painting as a conniving outlet, which had also been systematic hobby George briefly pursued. Arthur Composer followed in the paths of Martyr and Ira, also becoming a architect of songs, musicals, and short soft pieces. George studied with various forte-piano teachers for about two years (circa 1911) before finally being introduced take in Charles Hambitzer by Jack Miller (circa 1913), the pianist in the Music Symphony Orchestra. Until his death cover 1918, Hambitzer remained Gershwin's musical exponent, taught him conventional piano technique, naturalized him to music of the Continent classical tradition, and encouraged him trigger attend orchestral concerts.^[16]

Tin Pan Alley beginning Broadway: 1913–1923

In 1913, Gershwin left institute at the age of 15 compare with work as a "song plugger" make-up New York City's Tin Pan Passageway. He earned $15 a week spread Jerome H. Remick and Company, keen Detroit-based publishing firm with a bough office in New York. His primary published song was "When You Hope for 'Em, You Can't Get 'Em, While in the manner tha You've Got 'Em, You Don't Crave 'Em" in 1916. It earned representation 17-year-old 50 cents.^[17]

In 1916, Gershwin going on working for Aeolian Company and Finelyhoned Music Rolls in New York Ambience, recording and arranging. He produced loads, if not hundreds, of rolls beneath his own and assumed names (pseudonyms attributed to Gershwin include Fred Murtha and Bert Wynn). He also evidence rolls of his own compositions senseless the Duo-Art and Welte-Mignonreproducing pianos. Brand well as recording piano rolls, Composer made a brief foray into extravaganza, accompanying both Nora Bayes and Louise Dresser on the piano.^[18] His labour song to appear on Broadway was "Making of a Girl", written shut in 1916 with Sigmund Romberg and dispute by Harold Atteridge. It was song in The Passing Show of 1916.^[19] His 1917 novelty ragtime, "Rialto Ripples", was a commercial success.^[17] In affixing to his musical activities, he took over the management of the favoured and famous gay bathhouse Lafayette Baths together with his brother Ira.^[20]

In 1919, Gershwin scored his first big public hit with his song "Swanee", capable words by Irving Caesar. Al Singer, a Broadway star and former balladeer singer, heard Gershwin perform "Swanee" combat a party and decided to do a bunk it in one of his shows.^[17] In the late 1910s, Gershwin trip over songwriter and music director William Daly. The two collaborated on the The boards musicals Piccadilly to Broadway (1920) plus For Goodness' Sake (1922), and together composed the score for Our Nell (1923). This was the beginning draw round a long friendship. Daly was spruce up frequent arranger, orchestrator and conductor capacity Gershwin's music, and Gershwin periodically abominable to him for musical advice.

Musical, Assemblage and classical music: 1924–1928

In 1924, Composer composed his first major work, Rhapsody in Blue, for orchestra and piano.^[22] It was orchestrated by Ferde Grofé and premiered by Paul Whiteman's Go to the trouble of Band, in New York. It next went on to be his extremity popular work, and established Gershwin's character style and genius in blending substantially different musical styles, including jazz lecturer classical, in revolutionary ways.

Since position early 1920s, Gershwin had frequently feigned with the lyricist Buddy DeSylva. Yield they created the experimental one-act luxury opera Blue Monday, set in Harlem. It is widely regarded as spiffy tidy up forerunner to the groundbreaking Porgy perch Bess introduced in 1935. In 1924, George and Ira Gershwin collaborated margarine a stage musical comedy Lady Reproduction Good, which included such future system as "Fascinating Rhythm" and "Oh, Muhammedan Be Good!".^[23] They followed this proficient Oh, Kay! (1926),^[24]Funny Face (1927) advocate Strike Up the Band (1927 forward 1930). Gershwin allowed the latter melody, with a modified title, to have someone on used as a football fight at a bargain price a fuss, "Strike Up The Band for UCLA".^[25]

In the mid-1920s, Gershwin stayed in Town for a short period, during which he applied to study composition consider the noted Nadia Boulanger, who, forth with several other prospective tutors much as Maurice Ravel, turned him poverty-stricken, afraid that rigorous classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style. Maurice Ravel's rejection letter to Gershwin told him, "Why become a second-rate Ravel considering that you're already a first-rate Gershwin?" From way back there, Gershwin wrote An American underneath Paris. This work received mixed reviews upon its first performance at Philanthropist Hall on December 13, 1928, on the other hand it quickly became part of authority standard repertoire in Europe and excellence United States.

New York: 1929–1935

In 1929, description Gershwin brothers created Show Girl;^[28] glory following year brought Girl Crazy,^[29] which introduced the standards "Embraceable You", verbal by Ginger Rogers, and "I Got Rhythm". 1931's Of Thee I Sing became the first musical comedy fulfil win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama; the winners were George S. Playwright, Morrie Ryskind, and Ira Gershwin.^[30] Lyricist spent the summer of 1934 bestow Folly Island in South Carolina make sure of he was invited to visit preschooler the author of the novel Porgy, DuBose Heyward. He was inspired differentiate write the music to his theatre Porgy and Bess while on that working vacation.^[31]Porgy and Bess was alleged another American classic by the doer of Rhapsody in Blue — level if critics could not quite personage out how to evaluate it, hero worship decide whether it was opera celebrate simply an ambitious Broadway musical. "It crossed the barriers," per theater clerk Robert Kimball. "It wasn't a harmonious work per se, and it wasn't a drama per se – bin elicited response from both music obtain drama critics. But the work has sort of always been outside category."^[32]

Last years: 1936–1937

After the commercial failure sign over Porgy and Bess, Gershwin moved achieve Hollywood, California. In 1936, he was commissioned by RKO Pictures to get off the music for the film Shall We Dance, starring Fred Astaire stand for Ginger Rogers. Gershwin's extended score, which would marry ballet with jazz squeeze up a new way, runs over alteration hour. It took Gershwin several months to compose and orchestrate. Gershwin difficult to understand a ten-year affair with composer Brim Swift, whom he frequently consulted pine his music. The two never marital, although she eventually divorced her keep in reserve James Warburg to commit to nobleness relationship. Swift's granddaughter, Katharine Weber, has suggested that the pair were yell married because George's mother Rose was "unhappy that Kay Swift wasn't Jewish".^[33] The Gershwins' 1926 musical Oh, Kay was named for her.^[34] After Gershwin's death, Swift arranged some of empress music, transcribed several of his recordings, and collaborated with his brother Provos on several projects.^[35]

Illness and death

Early shore 1937, Gershwin began to complain worldly blinding headaches and a recurring discern that he smelled burning rubber. Rightfully early as February 1934, he challenging said he smelled burning garbage whack the Detroit railway station, though those with him did not.^[36] On Feb 11, 1937, he performed his Pianissimo Concerto in F in a shared concert of his music with greatness San Francisco Symphony Orchestra under say publicly direction of French maestro Pierre Monteux. Gershwin, normally a superb pianist detect his own compositions, suffered coordination make and blackouts during the performance. No problem was at the time working pigeonholing other Hollywood film projects while keep with Ira and his wife Leonore in their rented house in Beverly Hills. Leonore Gershwin began to properly disturbed by George's mood swings arena his seeming inability to eat destitute spilling food at the dinner food. She suspected mental illness and insisted he be moved out of their house to lyricist Yip Harburg's vacant quarters nearby, where he was to be found in the care of his human beings, Paul Mueller. The headaches and olfactive hallucinations continued.

On the night more than a few July 9, 1937, Gershwin collapsed tag on Harburg's house, where he had archaic working on the score of The Goldwyn Follies. He was rushed join Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angeles,^[38] and fell into a conundrum. Only then did his doctors revenue to believe that he was woe from a brain tumor. Leonore dubbed George's close friend Emil Mosbacher instruction explained the dire need to stroke of luck a neurosurgeon. Mosbacher immediately called original neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing in Boston, who, retired for several years by mistreatment, recommended Walter Dandy, who was sermonize a boat fishing in the Chesapeake Bay with Harry Nice, the master of Maryland. Mosbacher called the Chalkwhite House and had a Coast Move ahead cutter sent to find the governor's yacht and bring Dandy quickly disregard shore.^[39]

Mosbacher then chartered a plane settle down flew Dandy to Newark Airport, place he was to catch a flank to Los Angeles;^[40] by that always, Gershwin's condition was critical and description need for surgery was immediate.^[39] At one time Dandy could arrive,^[41] in the inconvenient hours of Sunday, July 11, 1937, doctors at Cedars removed a decisive brain tumor, believed to have antiquated a glioblastoma, but Gershwin died rove morning at the age of 38.^[42] The fact that he had on the hop collapsed and become comatose after significant stood up on July 9 has been interpreted as brain herniation free Duret hemorrhages.^[42]

Gershwin's friends and admirers were devastated. John O'Hara remarked: "George Lyricist died on July 11, 1937, however I don't have to believe walk if I don't want to."^[43] Sand was interred at Westchester Hills Graveyard in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. A gravestone concert was held at the Screenland Bowl on September 8, 1937, take up which Otto Klemperer conducted his peter out orchestration of the second of Gershwin's Three Preludes.

Musical style and influence

Gershwin was influenced by French composers of excellence early twentieth century. In turn Maurice Ravel was impressed with Gershwin's capabilities, commenting, "Personally I find jazz escalate interesting: the rhythms, the way character melodies are handled, the melodies child. I have heard of George Gershwin's works and I find them intriguing." The orchestrations in Gershwin's symphonic make a face often seem similar to those admire Ravel; likewise, Ravel's two piano concertos evince an influence of Gershwin.

George Gershwin asked to study with Enlace. When Ravel heard how much Composer earned, Ravel replied with words tell off the effect of, "You should commit me lessons." (Some versions of that story feature Igor Stravinsky rather overrun Ravel as the composer; however Music confirmed that he originally heard rendering story from Ravel.)^[46]

Gershwin's own Concerto resolve F was criticized for being agnate to the work of Claude Composer, more so than to the conventional jazz style. The comparison did cry deter him from continuing to cast around French styles. The title of An American in Paris reflects the extremely journey that he had consciously employed as a composer: "The opening allotment will be developed in typical Sculptor style, in the manner of Composer and Les Six, though the tunes are original."^[47]

Gershwin was intrigued by significance works of Alban Berg, Dmitri Composer, Igor Stravinsky, Darius Milhaud, and Poet Schoenberg. He also asked Schoenberg be intended for composition lessons. Schoenberg refused, saying "I would only make you a physically powerful Schoenberg, and you're such a beneficial Gershwin already."^[48] (This quote is crash to one credited to Maurice Mess during Gershwin's 1928 visit to Writer – "Why be a second-rate Time off, when you are a first-rate Gershwin?") Gershwin was particularly impressed by description music of Berg, who gave him a score of the Lyric Suite. He attended the American premiere outline Wozzeck, conducted by Leopold Stokowski utilize 1931, and was "thrilled and extremely impressed".^[49]

Russian Joseph Schillinger's influence as Gershwin's teacher of composition (1932–1936) was unproblematic in providing him with a schematic of composition. There has been dire disagreement about the nature of Schillinger's influence on Gershwin. After the posthumous success of Porgy and Bess, Schillinger claimed he had a large remarkable direct influence in overseeing the whim of the opera; Ira completely denied that his brother had any specified assistance for this work. A ordinal account of Gershwin's musical relationship market his teacher was written by Gershwin's close friend Vernon Duke, also clever Schillinger student, in an article shelter the Musical Quarterly in 1947.^[50]

What abduction Gershwin apart was his ability in the vicinity of manipulate forms of music into top own unique voice. He took excellence jazz he discovered on Tin Sift Alley into the mainstream by conjunction its rhythms and tonality with drift of the popular songs of empress era. Although George Gershwin would requently make grand statements about his medicine, he believed that "true music forced to reflect the thought and aspirations motionless the people and time. My general public are Americans. My time is today."^[51]

In 2007, the Library of Congress entitled its Gershwin Prize for Popular Tune after George and Ira Gershwin. Watching the profound and positive effect outline popular music on culture, the love is given annually to a architect or performer whose lifetime contributions represent the standard of excellence associated pick out the Gershwins. On March 1, 2007, the first Gershwin Prize was awarded to Paul Simon.^[52]

Recordings and film

Early edict his career, under both his amateur name and pseudonyms, Gershwin recorded optional extra than one hundred forty player pianorolls which were a main source exhaust his income. The majority were favourite music of the period and uncomplicated smaller proportion were of his spur-of-the-moment works. Once his musical theater-writing wealth became substantial, his regular roll-recording occupation became superfluous. He did record plus rolls throughout the 1920s of top main hits for the Aeolian Company's reproducing piano, including a complete hatred of his Rhapsody in Blue. Compared to the piano rolls, there sentinel few accessible audio recordings of Gershwin's playing. His first recording was her majesty own "Swanee" with the Fred Car Eps Trio in 1919. The canned balance highlights the banjo playing outandout Van Eps, and the piano research paper overshadowed. The recording took place beforehand "Swanee" became famous as an Warranty Jolson specialty in early 1920. Lyricist recorded an abridged version of Rhapsody in Blue with Paul Whiteman countryside his orchestra for the Victor Speaking Machine Company in 1924, soon provision the world premiere. Gershwin and excellence same orchestra made an electrical pick up of the abridged version for Conqueror in 1927. However, a dispute draw out the studio over interpretation angered Whiteman and he walked out on excellence session. Victor's staff conductor and organizer Nathaniel Shilkret led the orchestra, in spite of Whiteman is still credited as director on the original record labels.

Gershwin troublefree a number of solo piano recordings of tunes from his musicals, any including the vocals of Fred station Adele Astaire, as well as emperor Three Preludes for piano. In 1929, Gershwin "supervised" the world premiere tape of An American in Paris criticize Nathaniel Shilkret and the Victor Work Orchestra. Gershwin's role in the tape measure was rather limited, particularly because Shilkret was conducting and had his agreed ideas about the music. When parade was realized that no one abstruse been hired to play the minor celeste solo, Gershwin was asked allowing he could and would play loftiness instrument, and he agreed. Gershwin gaze at be heard, rather briefly, on position recording during the slow section. Composer also appeared on several radio programs, including Rudy Vallee's, and played many of his compositions. This included justness third movement of the Concerto personal F with Vallee conducting the plant orchestra. Some of these performances were preserved on transcription discs and scheme been released on LP and List.

In 1934, in an effort happening earn money to finance his proposed folk opera, Gershwin hosted his disruption radio program titled Music by Gershwin. The show was broadcast on birth NBC Blue Network from February appendix May and again in September cut the final show on December 23, 1934. He presented his own research paper as well as the work female other composers. Recordings from this refuse other radio broadcasts include his Variations on I Got Rhythm, portions find the Concerto in F, and plentiful songs from his musical comedies. Crystalclear also recorded a run-through of sovereign Second Rhapsody, conducting the orchestra gleam playing the piano solos. Gershwin transcribed excerpts from Porgy and Bess be regarding members of the original cast, leadership the orchestra from the keyboard; blooper even announced the selections and excellence names of the performers. In 1935, RCA Victor asked him to watch over recordings of highlights from Porgy brook Bess; these were his last recordings.

RCA Victor issued a 5 record 12-inch 78 rpm Memorial Wedding album (C-29) recorded from the RCA Black magic Key program broadcast on July 10, 1938, over the NBC Radio Tangle. It featured the Victor Salon Company conducted by Nathaniel Shilkret and soloist Jane Froman. A 74-second newsreel disc clip of Gershwin playing I Got Rhythm has survived, filmed at leadership opening of the Manhattan Theater (now The Ed Sullivan Theater) in Lordly 1931. There are also silent fondle movies of Gershwin, some of them shot on Kodachrome color film pile, which have been featured in fame to the composer. In addition, hither is newsreel footage of Gershwin bringing off "Mademoiselle from New Rochelle" and "Strike Up the Band" on the pianoforte during a Broadway rehearsal of ethics 1930 production of Strike Up primacy Band. In the mid-30s, "Strike Culminate The Band" was given to UCLA to be used as a possibilities fight song, "Strike Up The Call for for UCLA". The comedy team spick and span Clark and McCullough are seen conversing with Gershwin, then singing as recognized plays.

In 1945, the film biography Rhapsody in Blue was made, starring Parliamentarian Alda as George Gershwin. The single contains many factual errors about Gershwin's life, but also features many examples of his music, including an virtually complete performance of Rhapsody in Blue. In 1965, Movietone Records released mar album MTM 1009 featuring Gershwin's fortepiano rolls of the titled George Lyricist plays RHAPSODY IN BLUE and sovereign other favorite compositions. The B-side be fitting of the LP featured nine other recordings. In 1975, Columbia Records released plug album featuring Gershwin's piano rolls clench Rhapsody in Blue, accompanied by probity Columbia Jazz Band playing the modern jazz band accompaniment, conducted by Archangel Tilson Thomas. The B-side of birth Columbia Masterworks release features Tilson Poet leading the New York Philharmonic rip open An American in Paris. In 1976, RCA Records reissued a collection a few Gershwin's original recordings on the medium Gershwin plays Gershwin, Historic First Recordings (RCA Victrola AVM1-1740). Included was integrity first LP release of the 1924 recording of Rhapsody in Blue lay into the Paul Whiteman Orchestra and Lyricist on piano; An American in Paris, from 1929 conducted by Nathaniel Shilkret with Gershwin on celesta. Also facade were Three Preludes, "Clap Yo' Hands" and "Someone to Watch Over Me", among others.

The soundtrack to Ligneous Allen's 1979 film Manhattan is tranquil entirely of Gershwin's compositions, including Rhapsody in Blue, "Love is Sweeping nobility Country", and "But Not for Me", performed by both the New Dynasty Philharmonic under Zubin Mehta and interpretation Buffalo Philharmonic under Michael Tilson Socialist. The film begins with a monolog by Allen, in the role exert a pull on a writer, describing a character prize open his book: "He adored New Dynasty City ... To him, no incident what the season was, this was still a town that existed go to see black and white and pulsated cheer the great tunes of George Gershwin." In 1993, two audio CDs featuring piano rolls recorded by Gershwin^[56] were issued by Nonesuch Records through illustriousness efforts of Artis Wodehouse, entitled Gershwin Plays Gershwin: The Piano Rolls.^[57] Block 2010, Brian Wilson released Brian Ornithologist Reimagines Gershwin, consisting of ten Martyr and Ira Gershwin songs, bookended saturate passages from Rhapsody in Blue, pick up two new songs completed from crude Gershwin fragments by Wilson and convene member Scott Bennett.^[58]

Compositions

Main article: List well compositions by George Gershwin

Orchestral

Solo piano

• Three Preludes (1926)
• George Gershwin's Song-book (1932), solo piano arrangements of 18 songs

Operas

London musicals

Broadway musicals

• George White's Scandals (1920–1924), featuring, at one point, the 1922 one-act opera Blue Monday
• Lady, Be Good (1924)
• Tip-Toes (1925)
• Tell Me More! (1925)
• Oh, Kay! (1926)
• Strike Up the Band (1927)
• Funny Face (1927)
• Rosalie (1928)
• Treasure Girl (1928)
• Show Girl (1929)
• Girl Crazy (1930)
• Of Thee I Sing (1931)
• Pardon Unfocused English (1933)
• Let 'Em Eat Cake (1933)
• My One and Only (1983), an creative 1983 musical using previously written Lyricist songs
• Crazy for You (1992), a revised version of Girl Crazy
• Nice Work Provided You Can Get It (2012), neat as a pin musical with a score by Martyr and Ira Gershwin
• An American in Paris, a musical that ran on Dais from April 2015 to October 2016

Films for which Gershwin wrote original scores

Legacy

Estate

Gershwin died intestate, and his estate passed to his mother. The estate continues to collect royalties in the In partnership States from licensing the copyrights constitution his post-Rhapsody in Blue work.^[61] Rendering estate supported the Sonny Bono Grant Term extension Act (that extended leadership U.S. 75-year copyright protection an extra 20 years) because its 1923 halt date was shortly before Gershwin difficult to understand begun to create his most in favour works. The copyrights on all Gershwin's solo works expired at the speck of 2007 in the European Wholeness accord, based on its life-plus-70-years rule, keep from in the U.S. on January 1, 2020, on Gershwin's pre-1925 work.^[62]

In 2005, The Guardian determined using "estimates be defeated earnings accrued in a composer's lifetime" that George Gershwin was the vanquish composer of all time.^[63]

The George be first Ira Gershwin Collection, much of which was donated by Ira and description Gershwin family estates, resides at nobleness Library of Congress.^[64]

In September 2013, dinky partnership between the estates of Fto and George Gershwin and the Routine of Michigan was created and volition declaration provide the university's School of Song, Theatre, and Dance access to Gershwin's entire body of work, which includes all of Gershwin's papers, compositional drafts, and scores.^[65] This direct access command somebody to all of his works provides opportunities to musicians, composers, and scholars be in opposition to analyze and reinterpret his work condemnation the goal of accurately reflecting probity composers' vision to preserve his legacy.^[66] The first fascicles of The Composer Critical Edition, edited by Mark Clague, are expected in 2017; they last wishes cover the 1924 jazz band incarnation of Rhapsody in Blue, An Inhabitant in Paris and Porgy and Bess.^{[67][needs update]}

Awards and honors

• In 1937, Gershwin agreed his sole Academy Award nomination hold up Best Original Song at the 1937 Oscars for "They Can't Take Think about it Away from Me", written with queen brother Ira for the 1937 peel Shall We Dance. The nomination was posthumous; Gershwin died two months provision the film's release.^[68]
• In 1982, George Lyricist was inducted into the Jewish-American Admission of Fame.^[69]
• In 1985, the Congressional Riches Medal was awarded to George move Ira Gershwin. Only three other songwriters, George M. Cohan, Harry Chapin, roost Irving Berlin, have received this award.^[70][71]
• In 1998 a special Pulitzer Prize was posthumously awarded to Gershwin "commemorating ethics centennial year of his birth, assimilate his distinguished and enduring contributions save American music."^[72]
• The George and Ira Composer Lifetime Musical Achievement Award was personal by UCLA to honor the brothers for their contribution to music status for their gift to UCLA unconscious the fight song "Strike Up glory Band for UCLA".
• In 2006, Gershwin was inducted into the Long Island Song Hall of Fame.^[73]
• In 2007, the Depository of Congress created the Library catch sight of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Tune (aka, Gershwin Prize) in honor work both George and Ira Gershwin.

Namesakes

Biopic

Portrayals change into other media

See also

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

External links