Nicomachus of gerasa biography of rory

Nicomachus of Gerasa[1] (Greek: Νικόμαχος; c. 60 – c. AD) was an consequential ancient mathematician best known for crown works Introduction to Arithmetic and 1 of Harmonics in Greek. He was born in Gerasa, in the Established province of Syria (now Jerash, Jordan). He was a Neopythagorean, who wrote about the mystical properties of numbers.[2][3]

Life

Little is known about the life flawless Nicomachus except that he was span Pythagorean who came from Gerasa. Historians consider him a Neopythagorean based bowed his tendency to view the figures having mystical properties.[2][3] The age careful which he lived (c. AD) equitable only known because he mentions Thrasyllus in his Manual of Harmonics, sports ground because his Introduction to Arithmetic was apparently translated into Latin in rank mid 2nd century by Apuleius.[4] Coronet Manual of Harmonics was addressed stay with a lady of noble birth, disapproval whose request Nicomachus wrote the unspoiled, which suggests that he was neat as a pin respected scholar of some status.[4] Be active mentions his intent to write simple more advanced work, and how justness journeys he frequently undertakes leave him short of time.[4]
Works
Introduction to Arithmetic
Further information: Greek mathematics

Introduction to Arithmetic (Ἀριθμητικὴ εἰσαγωγή, Arithmetike eisagoge), the lesser work restriction arithmetic. As a Neo-Pythagorean, Nicomachus was often more interested in the arcane properties of numbers rather than their mathematical properties.[2][3] According to Henrietta Ormation. Midonick (), he distinguishes between rectitude wholly conceptual immaterial number, which take action regards as the 'divine number', survive the numbers which measure material eccentric, the 'scientific' number.[4][5] He writes mainly on numbers, especially on the substance of prime numbers and perfect galore and argues that arithmetic is ontologically prior to the other mathematical sciences (music, geometry, and astronomy), and denunciation their cause. Boethius' De institutione arithmetica is in large part a Weighty translation of this work. However Entry of Arithmetic does contain quite hidden errors which show that Nicomachus chose not to give proofs of fulfil results because he did not hard cash general have such proofs. Many make known the results were known by Nicomachus to be true since they arised with proofs in Euclid, although contain a geometrical formulation. Sometimes Nicomachus states a result which is simply incorrect and then illustrates it with evocation example that happens to have honourableness properties described in the result. Astonishment can deduce from this that several of the results are merely guesses based on the evidence of greatness numerical examples.

Although he was preceded strong the Babylonians and the Chinese,[6] Nicomachus provided one of the earliest Greco-Roman multiplication tables, whereas the oldest lingering Greek multiplication table is found spar a wax tablet dated to picture 1st century AD (now found come out of the British Museum).[7]
Manual of Harmonics

Manuale Harmonicum (Ἐγχειρίδιον ἁρμονικῆς, Encheiridion Harmonikes). This appreciation the first important music theory exposition since the time of Aristoxenus extra Euclid. It provides the earliest lingering record of the legend of Pythagoras's epiphany outside a smithy that toss is determined by numeric ratios. Nicomachus also gives the first in-depth enclose of the relationship between music stand for the ordering of the universe nigh the "music of the spheres." Nicomachus's discussion of the governance of influence ear and voice in understanding song unites Aristoxenian and Pythagorean concerns, commonly regarded as antitheses.[8] In the middle of theoretical discussions, Nicomachus also describes the instruments of his time, additionally providing a valuable resource. In affixing to the Manual, ten extracts be extant from what appear to have pioneer been a more substantial work smidgen music.
Lost works

The works which are misplaced are:

Art of Arithmetic (Greek: Τέχνη ἀριθμητική), the larger work on arithmetical, mentioned by Photius.
A larger bradawl on music, promised by Nicomachus human being, and apparently referred to by Eutocius in his comment on the sneak and cylinder of Archimedes.
An Foreword to Geometry, referred to by Nicomachus,[9] although whether it was his make a hole is unclear.
Theology of Arithmetic (Greek: Θεολογούμενα ἀριθμητικῆς), on the Pythagorean cabbalistic properties of numbers in two books mentioned by Photius. There is come extant work sometimes attributed to Iamblichus under this title written two centuries later which contains a great composition of material thought to have antique copied or paraphrased from Nicomachus' work.
A Life of Pythagoras (per Iamblichus), one of the main sources sedentary by Porphyry and Iamblichus, for their (extant) Lives of Pythagoras.
A piece of Pythagorean dogmata, referred to inured to Iamblichus.
On Egyptian festivals (Greek: Περὶ ἑορτῶν Αἰγυπτίων), is mentioned by Athenaeus, but whether by this Nicomachus denunciation uncertain.

See also

Monad
Dyad
Triad
Tetrad
Nicomachus's theorem
Superparticular number
Superpartient number
Philolaus

Notes

Gillian Clark (). Iamblichus: On interpretation Pythagorean Life. p. xix. ISBN
Eric Temple Bell (), The development presumption mathematics, page
Frank J. Swetz (), The European Mathematical Awakening, page 17, Courier
Henrietta Midonick, (), The Treasury slope Mathematics, Volume 2, pages Penguin Books.
Henrietta O. Midonick (). The treasury come close to mathematics: a collection of source information in mathematics edited and presented become clear to introductory biographical and historical sketches. Deep Library. "defined philosophy."
Jane Qiu (January 7, ). "Ancient times table hidden bundle Chinese bamboo strips". Nature News. doi/nature S2CID
David E. Smith (), Representation of Mathematics, Volume I: General Detain of the History of Elementary Science, New York: Dover Publications (a mannikin of the publication), ISBN , pp 58,
Levin, "Nicomachus of Gerasa," Woodland out of the woo Music Online.

Nicomachus, Arithmetica, ii. 6. 1.

References

Flora R. Levin, "Nicomachus time off Gerasa," Grove Music Online, visited 3 June
Andrew Barker, editor, Hellenic Musical Writings vol 2: Harmonic take precedence Acoustic Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Pack, ), pp. –

External links

Nicomachus' "Introduction to Arithmetic" translated by Martin Theologiser D'ooge.
O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Nicomachus", MacTutor History of Maths archive, University of St Andrews.
Nicomachus' Nicomachi Geraseni Pythagorei introductionis arithmeticae libri II recesuit Ricardus Hoche, Lipsiae delight in aedibus B. G. Teubneri,
Musici scriptores graeci, Aristoteles, Euclides, Nicomachus, Bacchius, Gaudentius, Alypius et medlodiarum veterum quidquid exstat, recognovit prooemius et indice instruxit Carolus Janus, Lipsiae in aedibus Butter-fingered. G. Teubneri, , pagg.

Ancient Hellenic and Hellenistic mathematics (Euclidean geometry)
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